《Mysql入门MySQL备份与恢复之冷备（1）》要点：
本文介绍了Mysql入门MySQL备份与恢复之冷备（1），希望对您有用。如果有疑问，可以联系我们。
MYSQL必读 用一句话概括冷备,就是把数据库服务,比如MySQL,Oracle停下来,然后使用拷贝、打包或者压缩命令对数据目录进行备份.如果数据出现异常,则可以通过备份数据恢复.冷备一般需要定制计划,比如什么时候做备份,每次对哪些数据进行备份等等.但是由于这样的备份占用过多的空间,对大数据量的环境下不一定适合,故生产环境很少使用.
MYSQL必读冷备示意图
MYSQL必读
MYSQL必读冷备实验
MYSQL必读第一步,创建测试数据库,插入测试数据
MYSQL必读
mysql> use larrydb;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_larrydb |
+-------------------+
| access |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop table access;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> clear
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> create table class(
-> cid int,
-> cname varchar(30));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show create table class \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: class
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `class` (
`cid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`cname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
mysql> create table stu(
-> sid int,
-> sname varchar(30),
-> cid int) engine=myisam;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create table stu \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: stu
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `stu` (
`sid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`sname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`cid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
mysql> insert into class values(1,'linux'),(2,'oracle');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc class;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| cid | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| cname | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc stu;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| sid | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| sname | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | |
| cid | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into stu values(1,'larry01',1),(2,'larry02',2);
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from stu;
+------+---------+------+
| sid | sname | cid |
+------+---------+------+
| 1 | larry01 | 1 |
| 2 | larry02 | 2 |
+------+---------+------+
MYSQL必读第二步,停掉MySQL
MYSQL必读
[root@serv01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL... SUCCESS!
MYSQL必读
第三步,创建备份目录,并修改拥有者和所属组
MYSQL必读
[root@serv01 ~]# mkdir /databackup
[root@serv01 ~]# chown mysql.mysql /databackup/ -R
[root@serv01 ~]# ll /databackup/ -d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 10 17:46 /databackup/
[root@serv01 ~]# cd /databackup/
MYSQL必读第四步,冷备(使用tar命令)
MYSQL必读
[root@serv01 databackup]# tar -cvPzf mysql01.tar.gz
MYSQL必读
第五步,测试冷备的数据是否正常,我们删除掉data下的所有数据
MYSQL必读
[root@serv01 databackup]# rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/*
MYSQL必读
第六步,删除所有数据后数据库不能启动
MYSQL必读
[root@serv01 databackup]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/serv01.host.com.pid).
MYSQL必读
第七步,恢复数据(使用tar命令)
MYSQL必读
[root@serv01 databackup]# tar -xvPf mysql01.tar.gz
MYSQL必读
第八步,启动MySQL,然后登录MySQL,查看数据是否丢失,如果数据正常代表冷备成功
MYSQL必读
[root@serv01 databackup]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@serv01 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.29-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use larrydb;
Database changed
mysql> select * from class;
+------+--------+
| cid | cname |
+------+--------+
| 1 | linux |
| 2 | oracle |
+------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from stu;
+------+---------+------+
| sid | sname | cid |
+------+---------+------+
| 1 | larry01 | 1 |
| 2 | larry02 | 2 |
+------+---------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MYSQL必读以上就是实现MySQL冷备的全部过程,大家对冷备有没有了大概的了解,希望这篇文章可以对大家的学习有所赞助.
欢迎参与《Mysql入门MySQL备份与恢复之冷备（1）》讨论，分享您的想法，维易PHP学院为您提供专业教程。
转载请注明本页网址：
http://www.vephp.com/jiaocheng/9565.html
