《Mysql应用MySQL中三种关联查询方式的简单比较》要点:
本文介绍了Mysql应用MySQL中三种关联查询方式的简单比较,希望对您有用。如果有疑问,可以联系我们。
MYSQL教程看看下面三个关联查询的 SQL 语句有何区别?
MYSQL教程
SELECT * FROM film JOIN film_actor ON (film.film_id = film_actor.film_id)
SELECT * FROM film JOIN film_actor USING (film_id)
SELECT * FROM film, film_actor WHERE film.film_id = film_actor.film_id
MYSQL教程最大的不同更多是语法糖,但有一些有意思的东西值得关注.
MYSQL教程为了便利区别,我们将前两种写法称作是 ANSI 风格,第三种称为 Theta 风格.
Theta 风格
MYSQL教程在 FROM 短语中列出了关联的表名,而 WHERE 短语则指定如何关联.
MYSQL教程这种写法被认为是古老的方式,有些时候比拟难以理解,请看下面查询:
MYSQL教程
SELECT * FROM film, film_actor WHERE film.film_id = film_actor.film_id AND actor_id = 17 AND film.length > 120
MYSQL教程上述查询列出片长超过 120 分钟的电影,其中包括演员编号是 17 的条件.别在意查询结果,查询本身如何呢?WHERE 表达式中包括三个条件,要看出哪个条件是关联,哪个条件是过滤还是稍费点事的.不过还是相对简单的,但如果是 5 个表,20 多个条件呢?
ANSI 风格: ON
MYSQL教程使用 JOIN ... ON 可以将表关联的条件和记录过滤条件分开,将上面的语句重写后的结果如下:
MYSQL教程
SELECT * FROM film JOIN film_actor ON (film.film_id = film_actor.film_id) WHERE actor_id = 17 AND film.length > 120
MYSQL教程看起来清晰许多.
MYSQL教程注意: ON 语句中的括号不是必须的,我个人喜欢这样写罢了.
MYSQL教程ANSI 风格: USING
MYSQL教程有一种特殊情况,当两个要关联表的字段名是一样的,我们可以使用 USING ,可减少 SQL 语句的长度:
MYSQL教程
SELECT * FROM film JOIN film_actor USING (film_id) WHERE actor_id = 17 AND film.length > 120
MYSQL教程这个时候括号就是必需的了.这种写法很好,输入更少的单词,查询的性能也非常棒,但还需要注意一些差异.
MYSQL教程USING 和 ON
MYSQL教程下面语句是可行的:
MYSQL教程
SELECT film.title, film_id FROM film JOIN film_actor USING (film_id) WHERE actor_id = 17 AND film.length > 120;
MYSQL教程但下面这个就不行:
MYSQL教程
SELECT film.title, film_id FROM film JOIN film_actor ON (film.film_id = film_actor.film_id) WHERE actor_id = 17 AND film.length > 120;ERROR 1052 (23000): Column 'film_id' in field list is ambiguous
MYSQL教程因为 USING "知道" film_id 字段在两个表中都有,所以没有指定确切的表都没关系,两个值必需一致就是.
MYSQL教程ON 就没那么智能,你必需指明要关联的表和字段名.
MYSQL教程上面两个实际的结果是比拟有趣的,当使用 USING 时,字段只在结果中出现一次:
MYSQL教程
SELECT * FROM film JOIN film_actor USING (film_id) WHERE actor_id = 17 AND film.length > 120 LIMIT 1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
film_id: 96
title: BREAKING HOME
description: A Beautiful Display of a Secret Agent And a Monkey who must Battle a Sumo Wrestler in An Abandoned Mine Shaft
release_year: 2006
language_id: 1
original_language_id: NULL
rental_duration: 4
rental_rate: 2.99
length: 169
replacement_cost: 21.99
rating: PG-13
special_features: Trailers,Commentaries
last_update: 2006-02-15 05:03:42
actor_id: 17
last_update: 2006-02-15 05:05:03
MYSQL教程而使用 ON 时,字段就会出现两次:
MYSQL教程
SELECT * FROM film JOIN film_actor ON film.film_id = film_actor.film_id WHERE actor_id = 17 AND film.length > 120 LIMIT 1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
film_id: 96
title: BREAKING HOME
description: A Beautiful Display of a Secret Agent And a Monkey who must Battle a Sumo Wrestler in An Abandoned Mine Shaft
release_year: 2006
language_id: 1
original_language_id: NULL
rental_duration: 4
rental_rate: 2.99
length: 169
replacement_cost: 21.99
rating: PG-13
special_features: Trailers,Commentaries
last_update: 2006-02-15 05:03:42
actor_id: 17
film_id: 96
last_update: 2006-02-15 05:05:03
MYSQL教程幕后
MYSQL教程MySQL 对两者的处理方式是相同的,使用 EXPLAIN EXTENDED 我们可以看到:
MYSQL教程
EXPLAIN EXTENDED SELECT film.title, film_id FROM film JOIN film_actor USING (film_id) WHERE actor_id = 17 AND film.length > 120\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
...
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
root@mysql-5.1.51> SHOW WARNINGS\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Level: Note
Code: 1003
Message: select `sakila`.`film`.`title` AS `title`,`sakila`.`film`.`film_id` AS `film_id`
from `sakila`.`film` join `sakila`.`film_actor`
where (
(`sakila`.`film`.`film_id` = `sakila`.`film_actor`.`film_id`)
and (`sakila`.`film_actor`.`actor_id` = 17)
and (`sakila`.`film`.`length` > 120)
)
MYSQL教程最终所有的查询都被转成了 Theta 风格.
MYSQL教程译者:便是说这三种方式除了写法不同外,没什么区别.
《Mysql应用MySQL中三种关联查询方式的简单比较》是否对您有启发,欢迎查看更多与《Mysql应用MySQL中三种关联查询方式的简单比较》相关教程,学精学透。维易PHP学院为您提供精彩教程。
转载请注明本页网址:
http://www.vephp.com/jiaocheng/9501.html