《MYSQL教程浅谈MySQL中的子查询优化技巧》要点：
本文介绍了MYSQL教程浅谈MySQL中的子查询优化技巧，希望对您有用。如果有疑问，可以联系我们。
MYSQL应用mysql的子查询的优化一直不是很友好,一直有受业界批评比较多,也是我在sql优化中遇到过最多的问题之一,你可以点击这里 ,这里来获得一些信息,mysql在处理子查询的时候,会将子查询改写,通常情况下,我们希望由内到外,也就是先完成子查询的结果,然后在用子查询来驱动外查询的表,完成查询,但是恰恰相反,子查询不会先被执行；今天希望通过介绍一些实际的案例来加深对mysql子查询的理解：
MYSQL应用案例：用户反馈数据库响应较慢,许多业务动更新被卡住；登录到数据库中观察,发现长时间执行的sql；
MYSQL应用
| 10437 | usr0321t9m9 | 10.242.232.50:51201 | oms | Execute | 1179 | Sending
MYSQL应用Sql为：
MYSQL应用
select tradedto0_.* from a1 tradedto0_ where tradedto0_.tradestatus='1'
and (tradedto0_.tradeoid in (select orderdto1_.tradeoid from a2 orderdto1_ where
orderdto1_.proname like '%??%' or orderdto1_.procode like '%??%')) and tradedto0_.undefine4='1'
and tradedto0_.invoicetype='1' and tradedto0_.tradestep='0' and (tradedto0_.orderCompany like '0002%') order by tradedto0_.tradesign ASC, tradedto0_.makertime desc limit 15;
MYSQL应用2.其他表的更新被阻塞：
MYSQL应用
update a1 set tradesign='DAB67634-795C-4EAC-B4A0-78F0D531D62F',
markColor=' #CD5555', memotime='2012-09- 22', markPerson='??' where tradeoid in ('gy2012092204495100032') ；
MYSQL应用为了尽快恢复应用,将其长时间执行的sql kill掉后,应用恢复正常;
3.分析执行计划:
MYSQL应用
db@3306 ：explain select tradedto0_.* from a1 tradedto0_ where tradedto0_.tradestatus='1' and (tradedto0_.tradeoid in (select orderdto1_.tradeoid
from a2 orderdto1_ where orderdto1_.proname like '%??%' or orderdto1_.procode like '%??%')) and tradedto0_.undefine4='1' and tradedto0_.invoicetype='1' and tradedto0_.tradestep='0' and (tradedto0_.orderCompany like '0002%') order by tradedto0_.tradesign ASC, tradedto0_.makertime desc limit 15;
+----+--------------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+-------+-----
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+--------------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+-------+-----
| 1 | PRIMARY | tradedto0_ | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 27454 | Using where; Using filesort |
| 2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | orderdto1_ | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 40998 | Using where |
+----+--------------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+-------+-----
MYSQL应用从执行计划上,我们开始一步一步地进行优化：
首先,我们看看执行计划的第二行,也就是子查询的那部分,orderdto1_进行了全表的扫描,我们看看能不能添加适当的索引：
A.使用覆盖索引:
MYSQL应用
db@3306：alter table a2 add index ind_a2(proname,procode,tradeoid);
ERROR 1071 (42000): Specified key was too long; max key length is 1000 bytes
MYSQL应用添加组合索引超过了最大key length限制：
B．查看该表的字段定义：
MYSQL应用
db@3306 ：DESC a2 ;
+---------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| FIELD | TYPE | NULL | KEY | DEFAULT | Extra |
+---------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| OID | VARCHAR(50) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| TRADEOID | VARCHAR(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| PROCODE | VARCHAR(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| PRONAME | VARCHAR(1000) | YES | | NULL | |
| SPCTNCODE | VARCHAR(200) | YES | | NULL | |
MYSQL应用C．查看表字段的平均长度：
MYSQL应用
db@3306 ：SELECT MAX(LENGTH(PRONAME)),avg(LENGTH(PRONAME)) FROM a2;
+----------------------+----------------------+
| MAX(LENGTH(PRONAME)) | avg(LENGTH(PRONAME)) |
+----------------------+----------------------+
| 95 | 24.5588 |
MYSQL应用D．缩小字段长度
MYSQL应用
ALTER TABLE MODIFY COLUMN PRONAME VARCHAR(156);
MYSQL应用再进行执行计划分析：
MYSQL应用
db@3306 ：explain select tradedto0_.* from a1 tradedto0_ where tradedto0_.tradestatus='1' and (tradedto0_.tradeoid in (select orderdto1_.tradeoid from a2 orderdto1_ where orderdto1_.proname like '%??%' or orderdto1_.procode like '%??%')) and tradedto0_.undefine4='1' and tradedto0_.invoicetype='1' and tradedto0_.tradestep='0' and (tradedto0_.orderCompany like '0002%') order by tradedto0_.tradesign ASC, tradedto0_.makertime desc limit 15;
+----+--------------------+------------+-------+-----------------+----------------------+---------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+--------------------+------------+-------+-----------------+----------------------+---------+
| 1 | PRIMARY | tradedto0_ | ref | ind_tradestatus | ind_tradestatus | 345 | const,const,const,const | 8962 | Using where; Using filesort |
| 2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | orderdto1_ | index | NULL | ind_a2 | 777 | NULL | 41005 | Using where; Using index |
+----+--------------------+------------+-------+-----------------+----------------------+---------+
MYSQL应用发现性能还是上不去,关键在两个表扫描的行数并没有减小(8962*41005),上面添加的索引没有太大的效果,现在查看t表的执行结果：
MYSQL应用
db@3306 ：select orderdto1_.tradeoid from t orderdto1_ where orderdto1_.proname like '%??%' or orderdto1_.procode like '%??%';
Empty set (0.05 sec)
MYSQL应用结果集为空,所以需要将t表的结果集做作为驱动表；
4．通过上面测试验证,普通的mysql子查询写法性能上是很差的,为mysql的子查询天然的弱点,需要将sql进行改写为关联的写法：
MYSQL应用
select tradedto0_.* from a1 tradedto0_ ,(select orderdto1_.tradeoid from a2 orderdto1_ where orderdto1_.proname like '%??%' or orderdto1_.procode like '%??%')t2 where tradedto0_.tradestatus='1' and (tradedto0_.tradeoid=t2.tradeoid ) and tradedto0_.undefine4='1' and tradedto0_.invoicetype='1' and tradedto0_.tradestep='0' and (tradedto0_.orderCompany like '0002%') order by tradedto0_.tradesign ASC, tradedto0_.makertime desc limit 15;
MYSQL应用5.查看执行计划：
MYSQL应用
db@3306 ：explain select tradedto0_.* from a1 tradedto0_ ,(select orderdto1_.tradeoid from a2 orderdto1_ where orderdto1_.proname like '%??%' or orderdto1_.procode like '%??%')t2 where tradedto0_.tradestatus='1' and (tradedto0_.tradeoid=t2.tradeoid ) and tradedto0_.undefine4='1' and tradedto0_.invoicetype='1' and tradedto0_.tradestep='0' and (tradedto0_.orderCompany like '0002%') order by tradedto0_.tradesign ASC, tradedto0_.makertime desc limit 15;
+----+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+----------------------+---------+------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+----------------------+---------+------+
| 1 | PRIMARY | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | Impossible WHERE noticed after reading const tables |
| 2 | DERIVED | orderdto1_ | index | NULL | ind_a2 | 777 | NULL | 41005 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+----------------------+---------+------+
MYSQL应用6.执行时间：
MYSQL应用
db@3306 ：select tradedto0_.* from a1 tradedto0_ ,(select orderdto1_.tradeoid from a2 orderdto1_ where orderdto1_.proname like '%??%' or orderdto1_.procode like '%??%')t2 where tradedto0_.tradestatus='1' and (tradedto0_.tradeoid=t2.tradeoid ) and tradedto0_.undefine4='1' and tradedto0_.invoicetype='1' and tradedto0_.tradestep='0' and (tradedto0_.orderCompany like '0002%') order by tradedto0_.tradesign ASC, tradedto0_.makertime desc limit 15;
Empty set (0.03 sec)
MYSQL应用缩短到了毫秒；
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