《Mysql入门如何提高MySQL RAND随机排序效率》要点:
本文介绍了Mysql入门如何提高MySQL RAND随机排序效率,希望对您有用。如果有疑问,可以联系我们。
- [yejr@imysql]> show create table t_innodb_random\G
- *************************** 1. row***************************
- Table:t_innodb_random
- Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t_innodb_random` (
- `id` int(10)unsigned NOT NULL,
- `user` varchar(64)NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
- KEY `idx_id` (`id`)
- ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
往这个表里灌入一些测试数据,至少10万以上, id 字段也是乱序的.
MYSQL必读
- [yejr@imysql]> select count(*) from t_innodb_random\G
- *************************** 1. row***************************
- count(*): 393216
1、常量等值检索
MYSQL必读
- [yejr@imysql]> explain select id fromt_innodb_random where
- id = 13412\G
- *************************** 1. row***************************
- id: 1
- select_type: SIMPLE
- table:t_innodb_random
- type: ref
- possible_keys: idx_id
- key: idx_id
- key_len: 4
- ref: const
- rows: 1
- Extra: Using index
- [yejr@imysql]> select id from t_innodb_random
- where id =13412;
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
可以看到执行计划很不错,是常量等值查询,速度非常快.
2、使用RAND()函数乘以常量,求得随机数后检索MYSQL必读
- [yejr@imysql]> explain select id from t_innodb_random where
- id = round(rand()*13241324)\G
- *************************** 1. row***************************
- id: 1
- select_type: SIMPLE
- table:t_innodb_random
- type: index
- possible_keys: NULL
- key: idx_id
- key_len: 4
- ref: NULL
- rows: 393345
- Extra: Using where; Using index
- [yejr@imysql]> select id from t_innodb_random where
- id = round(rand()*13241324)\G
- Empty set (0.26 sec)
可以看到执行计划很糟糕,虽然只扫描索引,但却是全索引扫描,效率非常差.因为WHERE条件中包含了RAND(),使得MySQL把它当做变量来处理,无法用常量等值的方式查询,效率很低.
我们把常量改成取t_innodb_random表的最大id值,再乘以RAND()求得随机数后检索看看什么情况:MYSQL必读
- [yejr@imysql]> explain select id from t_innodb_random where
- id = round(rand()*(select max(id) from t_innodb_random))\G
- *************************** 1. row***************************
- id: 1
- select_type:PRIMARY
- table:t_innodb_random
- type: index
- possible_keys: NULL
- key: idx_id
- key_len: 4
- ref: NULL
- rows: 393345
- Extra: Using where; Using index
- *************************** 2. row***************************
- id: 2
- select_type:SUBQUERY
- table: NULL
- type: NULL
- possible_keys: NULL
- key: NULL
- key_len: NULL
- ref: NULL
- rows: NULL
- Extra: Selecttables optimized away
- [yejr@imysql]> select id from t_innodb_random where
- id = round(rand()*(select max(id) from t_innodb_random))\G
- Empty set (0.27 sec)
可以看到,执行计划依然是全索引扫描,执行耗时也基本相当.
3、改造成普通子查询模式 ,这里有两次子查询
MYSQL必读
- [yejr@imysql]> explain select id fromt_innodb_random where
- id = (select round(rand()*(select max(id) fromt_innodb_random)) as nid)\G
- *************************** 1. row***************************
- id: 1
- select_type:PRIMARY
- table:t_innodb_random
- type: index
- possible_keys: NULL
- key: idx_id
- key_len: 4
- ref: NULL
- rows: 393345
- Extra: Using where; Using index
- *************************** 2. row***************************
- id: 3
- select_type:SUBQUERY
- table: NULL
- type: NULL
- possible_keys: NULL
- key: NULL
- key_len: NULL
- ref: NULL
- rows: NULL
- Extra: Selecttables optimized away
- [yejr@imysql]> select id from t_innodb_random where
- id = (select round(rand()*(select max(id) from t_innodb_random)) as nid)\G
- Empty set (0.27 sec)
可以看到,执行计划也不好,执行耗时较慢.
4、改造成JOIN关联查询,不过最大值还是用常量表示
MYSQL必读
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- [yejr@imysql]> explain select id fromt_innodb_random t1 join
- (select round(rand()*13241324) as id2) as t2 wheret1.id = t2.id2\G
- *************************** 1. row***************************
- id: 1
- select_type:PRIMARY
- table:<derived2>
- type: system
- possible_keys: NULL
- key: NULL
- key_len: NULL
- ref: NULL
- rows: 1
- Extra:
- *************************** 2. row***************************
- id: 1
- select_type:PRIMARY
- table: t1
- type: ref
- possible_keys: idx_id
- key: idx_id
- key_len: 4
- ref: const
- rows: 1
- Extra: Using where; Using index
- *************************** 3. row***************************
- id: 2
- select_type:DERIVED
- table: NULL
- type: NULL
- possible_keys: NULL
- key: NULL
- key_len: NULL
- ref: NULL
- rows: NULL
- Extra: Notables used
- [yejr@imysql]> select id from t_innodb_random t1 join
- (select round(rand()*13241324) as id2) as t2 where t1.id =t2.id2\G
- Empty set (0.00 sec)
这时候执行计划就非常完美了,和最开始的常量等值查询是一样的了,执行耗时也非常之快.
这种方法虽然很好,但是有可能查询不到记录,改造范围查找,但结果LIMIT 1就可以了:
MYSQL必读
- [yejr@imysql]> explain select id fromt_innodb_random where
- id > (select round(rand()*(select max(id) fromt_innodb_random)) as nid)
- limit 1\G
- *************************** 1. row***************************
- id: 1
- select_type:PRIMARY
- table:t_innodb_random
- type: index
- possible_keys: NULL
- key: idx_id
- key_len: 4
- ref: NULL
- rows: 393345
- Extra: Using where; Using index
- *************************** 2. row***************************
- id: 3
- select_type:SUBQUERY
- table: NULL
- type: NULL
- possible_keys: NULL
- key: NULL
- key_len: NULL
- ref: NULL
- rows: NULL
- Extra: Selecttables optimized away
- [yejr@imysql]> select id from t_innodb_random where
- id > (select round(rand()*(select max(id) from t_innodb_random)) asnid)
- limit 1\G
- *************************** 1. row***************************
- id: 1301
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
可以看到,虽然执行计划也是全索引扫描,但是因为有了LIMIT 1,只需要找到一条记录,即可终止扫描,所以效率还是很快的.
小结:从数据库中随机取一条记录时,可以把RAND()生成随机数放在JOIN子查询中以提高效率.
5、再来看看用ORDRRBY RAND()方式一次取得多个随机值的方式
MYSQL必读
- [yejr@imysql]> explain select id from t_innodb_random order by rand() limit 1000\G
- *************************** 1. row***************************
- id: 1
- select_type: SIMPLE
- table:t_innodb_random
- type: index
- possible_keys: NULL
- key: idx_id
- key_len: 4
- ref: NULL
- rows: 393345
- Extra: Using index; Using temporary; Using filesort
- [yejr@imysql]> select id from t_innodb_randomorder by rand() limit 1000;
- 1000 rows in set (0.41 sec)
全索引扫描,生成排序临时表,太差太慢了.
6、把随机数放在子查询里看看
MYSQL必读
- [yejr@imysql]> explain select id fromt_innodb_random where
- id > (select rand() * (select max(id) fromt_innodb_random) as nid)
- limit 1000\G
- *************************** 1. row***************************
- id: 1
- select_type:PRIMARY
- table:t_innodb_random
- type: index
- possible_keys: NULL
- key: idx_id
- key_len: 4
- ref: NULL
- rows: 393345
- Extra: Using where; Using index
- *************************** 2. row ***************************
- id: 3
- select_type:SUBQUERY
- table: NULL
- type: NULL
- possible_keys: NULL
- key: NULL
- key_len: NULL
- ref: NULL
- rows: NULL
- Extra: Selecttables optimized away
- [yejr@imysql]> select id from t_innodb_random where
- id > (select rand() * (select max(id) from t_innodb_random) as nid)
- limit 1000\G
- 1000 rows in set (0.04 sec)
嗯,提速了不少,这个看起来还不赖:)
7、仿照上面的方法,改成JOIN和随机数子查询关联
MYSQL必读
- [yejr@imysql]> explain select id fromt_innodb_random t1 join
- (select rand() * (select max(id) from t_innodb_random)as nid) t2 on
- t1.id > t2.nid limit 1000\G
- *************************** 1. row***************************
- id: 1
- select_type:PRIMARY
- table:<derived2>
- type: system
- possible_keys: NULL
- key: NULL
- key_len: NULL
- ref: NULL
- rows: 1
- Extra:
- *************************** 2. row***************************
- id: 1
- select_type:PRIMARY
- table: t1
- type: range
- possible_keys: idx_id
- key: idx_id
- key_len: 4
- ref: NULL
- rows: 196672
- Extra: Using where; Using index
- *************************** 3. row***************************
- id: 2
- select_type:DERIVED
- table: NULL
- type: NULL
- possible_keys: NULL
- key: NULL
- key_len: NULL
- ref: NULL
- rows: NULL
- Extra: Notables used
- *************************** 4. row***************************
- id: 3
- select_type:SUBQUERY
- table: NULL
- type: NULL
- possible_keys: NULL
- key: NULL
- key_len: NULL
- ref: NULL
- rows: NULL
- Extra: Selecttables optimized away
- [yejr@imysql]> select id from t_innodb_randomt1 join (select rand() * (select max(id) from t_innodb_random) as nid) t2 ont1.id > t2.nid limit 1000\G
- 1000 rows in set (0.00 sec)
可以看到,全索引检索,发现符合记录的条件后,直接取得1000行,这个方法是最快的.
综上,想从MySQL数据库中随机取一条或者N条记录时,最好把RAND()生成随机数放在JOIN子查询中以提高效率.
简言之,就是把下面这个SQL:
SELECT id FROM table ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT n;
改造成下面这个:
SELECT id FROM table t1 JOIN
(SELECT RAND() * (SELECTMAX(id) FROM table) AS nid) t2
ON t1.id > t2.nid LIMIT n;
就可以享受在SQL中直接取得随机数了,不用再在程序中构造一串随机数去检索了.
MYSQL必读
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