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Mysql应用MySQL Index Condition Pushdown(ICP)性能优化方法实例

作者：VEPHP   时间 2017-10-22

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本文介绍了Mysql应用MySQL Index Condition Pushdown(ICP)性能优化方法实例，希望对您有用。如果有疑问，可以联系我们。

一 观点介绍MYSQL入门

Index Condition Pushdown (ICP)是MySQL 5.6 版本中的新特征,是一种在存储引擎层使用索引过滤数据的一种优化方式.MYSQL入门

a 当关闭ICP时,index 仅仅是data access 的一种拜访方式,存储引擎通过索引回表获取的数据会传递到MySQL Server 层进行where条件过滤.MYSQL入门

b 当打开ICP时,如果部门where条件能使用索引中的字段,MySQL Server 会把这部门下推到引擎层,可以利用index过滤的where条件在存储引擎层进行数据过滤,而非将所有通过index access的结果传递到MySQL server层进行where过滤.MYSQL入门

优化效果:ICP能减少引擎层拜访基表的次数和MySQL Server 拜访存储引擎的次数,减少io次数,提高查询语句性能.MYSQL入门

二 原理MYSQL入门

Index Condition Pushdown is not used:MYSQL入门

  1 Get the next row, first by reading the index tuple, and then by using the index tuple to locate and read the full table row.
  2 Test the part of the WHERE condition that applies to this table. Accept or reject the row based on the test result.
Index Condition Pushdown is used
  1 Get the next row s index tuple (but not the full table row).
  2 Test the part of the WHERE condition that applies to this table and can be checked using only index columns.
    If the condition is not satisfied, proceed to the index tuple for the next row.
  3 If the condition is satisfied, use the index tuple to locate and read the full table row.
  4 est the remaining part of the WHERE condition that applies to this table. Accept or reject the row based on the test result.MYSQL入门

三 理论案例MYSQL入门

a 环境准备
   数据库版本 5.6.16
   封闭缓存
   MYSQL入门

代码如下:

     set query_cache_size=0;
     set query_cache_type=OFF;
 

   测试数据下载地址
b 当开启ICP时
代码如下:

mysql> SET profiling = 1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from employees where first_name='Anneke' and last_name like '%sig' ;
+--------+------------+------------+-----------+--------+------------+
| emp_no | birth_date | first_name | last_name | gender | hire_date |
+--------+------------+------------+-----------+--------+------------+
| 10006  | 1953-04-20 | Anneke     | Preusig   | F      | 1989-06-02 |
+--------+------------+------------+-----------+--------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show profiles;
+----------+------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Query_ID | Duration   | Query                                                                          |
+----------+------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1        | 0.00060275 | select * from employees where first_name='Anneke' and last_name like '%sig'    |
+----------+------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

此时情况下根据MySQL的最左前缀原则, first_name 可以使用索引,last_name采用了like 模糊查询,不克不及使用索引.
c 关闭ICP
MYSQL入门

代码如下:

mysql> set optimizer_switch='index_condition_pushdown=off';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SET profiling = 1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from employees where first_name='Anneke' and last_name like '%sig' ;
+--------+------------+------------+-----------+--------+------------+
| emp_no | birth_date | first_name | last_name | gender | hire_date |
+--------+------------+------------+-----------+--------+------------+
| 10006  | 1953-04-20 | Anneke     | Preusig   | F      | 1989-06-02 |
+--------+------------+------------+-----------+--------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SET profiling = 0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> show profiles;
+----------+------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Query_ID | Duration   | Query                                                                          |
+----------+------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2        | 0.00097000 | select * from employees where first_name='Anneke' and last_name like '%sig'    |
+----------+------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
6 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

当开启ICP时 查询在sending data环节光阴消耗是 0.000189s
MYSQL入门

代码如下:

mysql> show profile cpu,block io for query 1;
+----------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| Status               | Duration | CPU_user | CPU_system | Block_ops_in | Block_ops_out |
+----------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| starting             | 0.000094 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| checking permissions | 0.000011 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| Opening tables       | 0.000025 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| init                 | 0.000044 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| System lock          | 0.000014 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| optimizing           | 0.000021 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| statistics           | 0.000093 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| preparing            | 0.000024 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| executing            | 0.000006 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| Sending data         | 0.000189 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| end                  | 0.000019 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| query end            | 0.000012 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| closing tables       | 0.000013 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| freeing items        | 0.000034 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| cleaning up          | 0.000007 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
+----------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
15 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

当封闭ICP时 查询在sending data环节时间消耗是 0.000735s
MYSQL入门

代码如下:

mysql> show profile cpu,block io for query 2;
+----------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| Status               | Duration | CPU_user | CPU_system | Block_ops_in | Block_ops_out |
+----------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| starting             | 0.000045 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| checking permissions | 0.000007 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| Opening tables       | 0.000015 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| init                 | 0.000024 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| System lock          | 0.000009 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| optimizing           | 0.000012 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| statistics           | 0.000049 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| preparing            | 0.000016 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| executing            | 0.000005 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| Sending data         | 0.000735 | 0.001000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| end                  | 0.000008 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| query end            | 0.000008 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| closing tables       | 0.000009 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| freeing items        | 0.000023 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
| cleaning up          | 0.000007 | 0.000000 | 0.000000   | 0            | 0             |
+----------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
15 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

从上面的profile 可以看出ICP 开启时整个sql 执行时间是未开启的2/3,sending data 环节的时间消耗前者仅是后者的1/4.
ICP 开启时的执行计划 含有 Using index condition 标示 ,表示优化器使用了ICP对数据拜访进行优化.
MYSQL入门

代码如下:

mysql> explain select * from employees where first_name='Anneke' and last_name like '%nta' ;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table     | type | possible_keys | key          | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra                 |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| 1  | SIMPLE      | employees | ref  | idx_emp_fnln  | idx_emp_fnln | 44      | const | 224  | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ICP 关闭时的执行计划显示use where.
代码如下:

mysql> explain select * from employees where first_name='Anneke' and last_name like '%nta' ;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table     | type | possible_keys | key          | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
| 1  | SIMPLE      | employees | ref  | idx_emp_fnln  | idx_emp_fnln | 44      | const | 224  | Using where |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

案例阐发MYSQL入门

以上面的查询为例关闭ICP 时,存储引擎通前缀index first_name 拜访表中225条first_name 为Anneke的数据,并在MySQL server层根据last_name like '%sig' 进行过滤
开启ICP 时,last_name 的like '%sig'条件可以通过索引字段last_name 进行过滤,在存储引擎内部通过与where条件的对比,直接过滤掉不符合条件的数据.该过程不回表,只拜访符合条件的1条记录并返回给MySQL Server ,有效的减少了io拜访和各层之间的交互.MYSQL入门

ICP 关闭时 ,仅仅使用索引作为拜访数据的方式.MYSQL入门

Mysql应用MySQL Index Condition Pushdown(ICP)性能优化方法实例MYSQL入门

ICP 开启时 ,MySQL将在存储引擎层 利用索引过滤数据,减少不需要的回表,注意 虚线的using where 表示如果where条件中含有没有被索引的字段,则还是要经过MySQL Server 层过滤.MYSQL入门

Mysql应用MySQL Index Condition Pushdown(ICP)性能优化方法实例MYSQL入门

四 ICP的使用限定 MYSQL入门

1 当sql需要全表拜访时,ICP的优化策略可用于range, ref, eq_ref,  ref_or_null 类型的拜访数据方法 .
2 支持InnoDB和MyISAM表.
3 ICP只能用于二级索引,不能用于主索引.
4 并非全部where条件都可以用ICP筛选.
   如果where条件的字段不在索引列中,还是要读取整表的记录到server端做where过滤.
5 ICP的加速效果取决于在存储引擎内通过ICP筛选掉的数据的比例.
6 5.6 版本的不支持分表的ICP 功能,5.7 版本的开始支持.
7 当sql 使用覆盖索引时,不支持ICP 优化方法.MYSQL入门

代码以下:

mysql> explain select * from employees where first_name='Anneke' and last_name='Porenta' ;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------------+------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table     | type | possible_keys | key          | key_len | ref         | rows | Extra                 |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------------+------+-----------------------+
| 1  | SIMPLE | employees      | ref  | idx_emp_fnln  | idx_emp_fnln | 94      | const,const | 1    | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------------+------+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> explain select first_name,last_name from employees where first_name='Anneke' and last_name='Porenta' ;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------------+------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table     | type | possible_keys | key          | key_len | ref         | rows | Extra                    |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------------+------+--------------------------+
| 1  | SIMPLE      | employees | ref  | idx_emp_fnln  | idx_emp_fnln | 94      | const,const | 1    | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------------+------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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