《Python编程-利用爬虫配合dedecms全自动采集发布》要点：
本文介绍了Python编程-利用爬虫配合dedecms全自动采集发布，希望对您有用。如果有疑问，可以联系我们。
之前想实现一个爬虫,实时采集别人的文章,根据自己的规则去修改采集到的文章,然后自动发布.决定用dedecms做新闻发布,还可以自动生成html,自动把远程图片本地化等一些优点,为了安全,完全可以把前后台分离.
起初想用scrapy爬虫框架去实现,觉得定制开发的话用scrapy只能用到里面的一些基础的功能,有一些情况要跟着框架的规则走,如果自己写的话可以自己写规则去处理,也有优点爬虫、处理器等,最后还是自己写了一个demo.
首先分析需求,python做爬虫,dedecms做发布,起初先考虑了发布功能,实现了模拟登陆,或者研究dedecms的数据库设计,直接写到数据库,实际中没有这样去做,开始做模拟登陆的时候,需要改dedecms的代码去掉验证码,不然还要实现验证码识别,这个完全没有必要,因为要发布的是自己的网站,自己也有账户、密码、发布文章权限,然后就改了下dedecms的登陆功能,加了一个登陆接口,分析了dedecms的发布文章HTTP数据包.这块搞定了后就开始设计爬虫了,最后设计的感觉和scrapy的一些基础的处理机制很像.
做dedecms的登陆接口如下：
后台目录下的config.php 34行找到
/**
//检验用户登录状态
$cuserLogin = new userLogin();
if($cuserLogin->getUserID()==-1)
{
header(“location:login.php?gotopage=”.urlencode($dedeNowurl));
exit();
}
**/
改为下面
//http://127.0.0.2/dede/index.php?username=admin&password=admin
| 123456789101112 | $cuserLogin = new userLogin();if($cuserLogin->getUserID()==-1) {if($_REQUEST['username'] != ''){$res = $cuserLogin->checkUser($_REQUEST['username'], $_REQUEST['password']);if($res==1) $cuserLogin->keepUser();}if($cuserLogin->getUserID()==-1) {header("location:login.php?gotopage=".urlencode($dedeNowurl));exit();}} |
这样只要请求：http://127.0.0.2/dede/index.php?username=admin&password=admin 就可以得到一个sessionid,只要用这个sessionid去发布文章就可以了.
发布文章的HTTP数据包如下：
#http://127.0.0.2/dede/article_add.php
POST /dede/article_add.php HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.2
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:48.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/48.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://127.0.0.2/dede/article_add.php?cid=2
Cookie: menuitems=1_1%2C2_1%2C3_1; CNZZDATA1254901833=1497342033-1472891946-%7C1473171059; Hm_lvt_a6454d60bf94f1e40b22b89e9f2986ba=1472892122; ENV_GOBACK_URL=%2Fmd5%2Fcontent_list.php%3Farcrank%3D-1%26cid%3D11; lastCid=11; lastCid__ckMd5=2f82387a2b251324; DedeUserID=1; DedeUserID__ckMd5=74be9ff370c4536f; DedeLoginTime=1473174404; DedeLoginTime__ckMd5=b8edc1b5318a3923; hasshown=1; Hm_lpvt_a6454d60bf94f1e40b22b89e9f2986ba=1473173893; PHPSESSID=m2o3k882tln0ttdi964v5aorn6
Connection: keep-alive
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=—————————2802133914041
Content-Length: 3639
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”channelid”
1
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”dopost”
save
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”title”
2222222222
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”shorttitle”
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”redirecturl”
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”tags”
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”weight”
100
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”picname”
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”litpic”; filename=””
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”source”
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”writer”
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”typeid”
2
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”typeid2″
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”keywords”
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”autokey”
1
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”description”
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”dede_addonfields”
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”remote”
1
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”autolitpic”
1
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”needwatermark”
1
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”sptype”
hand
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”spsize”
5
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”body”
2222222222
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”voteid”
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”notpost”
0
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”click”
70
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”sortup”
0
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”color”
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”arcrank”
0
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”money”
0
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”pubdate”
2016-09-06 23:07:52
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”ishtml”
1
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”filename”
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”templet”
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”imageField.x”
41
—————————–2802133914041
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”imageField.y”
6
—————————–2802133914041–
#更新生成html请求
http://127.0.0.2/dede/task_do.php?typeid=2&aid=109&dopost=makeprenext&nextdo=
GET /dede/task_do.php?typeid=2&aid=109&dopost=makeprenext&nextdo= HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.2
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:48.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/48.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://127.0.0.2/dede/article_add.php
Cookie: menuitems=1_1%2C2_1%2C3_1; CNZZDATA1254901833=1497342033-1472891946-%7C1473171059; Hm_lvt_a6454d60bf94f1e40b22b89e9f2986ba=1472892122; ENV_GOBACK_URL=%2Fmd5%2Fcontent_list.php%3Farcrank%3D-1%26cid%3D11; lastCid=11; lastCid__ckMd5=2f82387a2b251324; DedeUserID=1; DedeUserID__ckMd5=74be9ff370c4536f; DedeLoginTime=1473174404; DedeLoginTime__ckMd5=b8edc1b5318a3923; hasshown=1; Hm_lpvt_a6454d60bf94f1e40b22b89e9f2986ba=1473173893; PHPSESSID=m2o3k882tln0ttdi964v5aorn6
Connection: keep-alive
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
通过上面数据包可以分析到如下结果：
POST http://127.0.0.2/dede/article_add.php
需要配置的参数：
channelid:1 #普通文章提交
dopost:save #提交方式
shorttitle:” #短标题
autokey:1 #自动获取关键词
remote:1 #不指定缩略图,远程自动获取缩略图
autolitpic:1 #提取第一个图片为缩略图
sptype:auto #自动分页
spsize:5 #5k大小自动分页
notpost:1 #禁止评论
sortup:0 #文章排序、默认
arcrank:0 #阅读权限为开放浏览
money: #消费金币0
ishtml:1 #生成html
title:”文章标题” #文章标题
source:”文章来源” #文章来源
writer:”文章作者” #文章作者
typeid:”主栏目ID2″ #主栏目ID
body:”文章内容” #文章内容
click:”文章点击量” #文章点击量
pubdate:”提交时间” #提交时间
然后开始模拟dedecms发布文章测试了,python代码如下：
| 1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859 | #!/usr/bin/python#coding:utf8import requests,random,time#访问登陆接口保持cookiessid = requests.session()login_url = "http://127.0.0.2/dede/index.php?username=admin&password=admin"header = { "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:44.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/44.0","Referer" :"http://127.0.0.2"}#登陆接口获取Cookiesloadcookies = sid.get(url = login_url,headers = header)#进入增加文章页面#get_html = sid.get('http://127.0.0.2/dede/article_add.php?channelid=1',headers = header)#print get_html.content#定义固定字段article = {'channelid':1, #普通文章提交'dopost':'save', #提交方式'shorttitle':'', #短标题'autokey':1, #自动获取关键词'remote':1, #不指定缩略图,远程自动获取缩略图'autolitpic':1, #提取第一个图片为缩略图'sptype':'auto', #自动分页'spsize':5, #5k大小自动分页'notpost':1, #禁止评论'sortup':0, #文章排序、默认'arcrank':0, #阅读权限为开放浏览'money': 0,#消费金币0'ishtml':1, #生成html'click':random.randint(10, 300), #随机生成文章点击量'pubdate':time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()), #s生成当前提交时间}#定义可变字段article['source'] = "文章来源" #文章来源article['writer'] = "文章作者" #文章作者article['typeid'] = "2" #主栏目ID#定义提交文章请求URLarticle_request = "http://127.0.0.2/dede/article_add.php""""#测试提交数据article['title'] = "测试_文章标题" #文章标题article['body'] = "测试_文章内容" #文章内容#提交后会自动重定向 生成html,http返回状态为200则成功!res = sid.post(url = article_request,data = article, headers = header)print res"""for i in range(50): article['title'] = str(i) + "_文章标题" #文章标题 article['body'] = str(i) + "_文章内容" #文章内容 #print article res = sid.post(url = article_request,data = article, headers = header) print res |
其次就是分析爬虫需求阶段了,如下：
收集采集页面：
http://www.tunvan.com/col.jsp?id=115
http://www.zhongkerd.com/news.html
http://www.qianxx.com/news/field/
http://www.ifenguo.com/news/xingyexinwen/
http://www.ifenguo.com/news/gongsixinwen/
每一个采集页面和要改的规则都不一样,发布文章的栏目可能也有变化,要写多个爬虫,一个爬虫实现不了这个功能,要有爬虫、处理器、配置文件、函数文件(避免重复写代码)、数据库文件.
数据库里面主要是保存文章url和标题,主要是判断这篇文章是否是更新的,如果已经采集发布了就不要重复发布了,如果不存在文章就是最新的文章,需要写入数据库并发布文章.数据库就一个表几个字段就好,采用的sqlite3,数据库文件db.dll建表如下：
| 123456 | CREATE TABLE history (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY ASC AUTOINCREMENT,url VARCHAR( 100 ),title TEXT,DATE DATETIME DEFAULT ( ( datetime( 'now', 'localtime' ) ) )); |
架构设计如下：
│ db.dll #sqlite数据库
│ dede.py #测试dede登陆接口
│ function.py #公共函数
│ run.py #爬虫集开始函数
│ settings.py #爬虫配置设置
│ spiders.py #爬虫示例
│ sqlitestudio-2.1.5.exe #sqlite数据库编辑工具
│ __init__.py #前置方法供模块用
dede.py如下：
| 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566 | #!/usr/bin/python#coding:utf8import requests,random,timeimport lxml#定义域名domain = "http://127.0.0.2/"admin_dir = "dede/"houtai = domain + admin_dirusername = "admin"password = "admin"#访问登陆接口保持cookiessid = requests.session()login_url = houtai + "index.php?username=" + username + "&password=" + passwordheader = { "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:44.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/44.0","Referer" : domain}#登陆接口获取Cookiesloadcookies = sid.get(url = login_url,headers = header)#定义固定字段article = {'channelid':1, #普通文章提交'dopost':'save', #提交方式'shorttitle':'', #短标题'autokey':1, #自动获取关键词'remote':1, #不指定缩略图,远程自动获取缩略图'autolitpic':1, #提取第一个图片为缩略图'sptype':'auto', #自动分页'spsize':5, #5k大小自动分页'notpost':1, #禁止评论'sortup':0, #文章排序、默认'arcrank':0, #阅读权限为开放浏览'money': 0,#消费金币0'ishtml':1, #生成html'click':random.randint(10, 300), #随机生成文章点击量'pubdate':time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()), #s生成当前提交时间}#定义可变字段article['source'] = "文章来源" #文章来源article['writer'] = "文章作者" #文章作者article['typeid'] = "2" #主栏目ID#定义提交文章请求URLarticle_request = houtai + "article_add.php""""#测试提交数据article['title'] = "11测试_文章标题" #文章标题article['body'] = "11测试_文章内容" #文章内容#提交后会自动重定向 生成html,http返回状态为200则成功!res = sid.post(url = article_request,data = article, headers = header)print res""""""for i in range(50): article['title'] = str(i) + "_文章标题" #文章标题 article['body'] = str(i) + "_文章内容" #文章内容 #print article res = sid.post(url = article_request,data = article, headers = header) print res""" |
function.py如下：
| 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455 | # coding:utf-8from settings import *#检查数据库中是否存在文章,0为不存在,1为存在def res_check(article): exec_select = "SELECT count(*) FROM history WHERE url = '%s' AND title = '%s' " res_check = cur.execute(exec_select % (article[0],article[1])) for res in res_check: result = res[0] return result#写入数据库操作def res_insert(article): exec_insert = "INSERT INTO history (url,title) VALUES ('%s','%s')" cur.execute(exec_insert % (article[0],article[1])) conn.commit()#模拟登陆发布文章def send_article(title,body,typeid = "2"): article['title'] = title #文章标题 article['body'] = body #文章内容 article['typeid'] = "2" #print article #提交后会自动重定向 生成html,http返回状态为200则成功! res = sid.post(url = article_request,data = article, headers = header) #print res if res.status_code == 200 : #print u"send mail!" send_mail(title = title,body = body) print u"success article send!" else: #发布文章失败处理 pass#发邮件通知send_mail(收件,标题,内容)def send_mail(title,body): shoujian = "admin@0535code.com" # 设置服务器,用户名、密码以及邮箱的后缀 mail_user = "610358898" mail_pass="你的邮箱密码" mail_postfix="qq.com" me=mail_user+"<"+mail_user+"@"+mail_postfix+">" msg = MIMEText(body, 'html', 'utf-8') msg['Subject'] = title #msg['to'] = shoujian try: mail = smtplib.SMTP() mail.connect("smtp.qq.com")#配置SMTP服务器 mail.login(mail_user,mail_pass) mail.sendmail(me,shoujian, msg.as_string()) mail.close() print u"send mail success!" except Exception, e: print str(e) print u"send mail exit!" |
run.py如下：
| 1234 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import spiders #开始第一个爬虫 spiders.start() |
settings.py如下：
| 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778 | # coding:utf-8import re,sys,os,requests,lxml,string,time,random,loggingfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoupfrom lxml import etreeimport smtplibfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextimport sqlite3import HTMLParser#刷新系统reload(sys)sys.setdefaultencoding( "utf-8" )#定义当前时间#now = time.strftime( '%Y-%m-%d %X',time.localtime())#设置头信息headers={ "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.152 Safari/537.36","Accept":"*/*","Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3","Accept-Encoding":"gzip, deflate","Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8","Connection":"keep-alive","X-Requested-With":"XMLHttpRequest",}domain = u"<a href='http://010bjsoft.com'>北京软件外包</a>".decode("string_escape") #要替换的超链接html_parser = HTMLParser.HTMLParser() #生成转义器########################################################dede参数配置#定义域名domain = "http://127.0.0.2/"admin_dir = "dede/"houtai = domain + admin_dirusername = "admin"password = "admin"#访问登陆接口保持cookiessid = requests.session()login_url = houtai + "index.php?username=" + username + "&password=" + passwordheader = { "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:44.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/44.0","Referer" : domain}#登陆接口获取Cookiesloadcookies = sid.get(url = login_url,headers = header)#定义固定字段article = {'channelid':1, #普通文章提交'dopost':'save', #提交方式'shorttitle':'', #短标题'autokey':1, #自动获取关键词'remote':1, #不指定缩略图,远程自动获取缩略图'autolitpic':1, #提取第一个图片为缩略图'sptype':'auto', #自动分页'spsize':5, #5k大小自动分页'notpost':1, #禁止评论'sortup':0, #文章排序、默认'arcrank':0, #阅读权限为开放浏览'money': 0,#消费金币0'ishtml':1, #生成html'click':random.randint(10, 300), #随机生成文章点击量'pubdate':time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()), #s生成当前提交时间}#定义可变字段article['source'] = "文章来源" #文章来源article['writer'] = "文章作者" #文章作者#定义提交文章请求URLarticle_request = houtai + "article_add.php"########################################################数据库配置#建立数据库连接conn = sqlite3.connect("db.dll")#创建游标cur = conn.cursor() |
spiders.py如下：
| 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667686970 | # coding:utf-8from settings import *from function import *#获取内容, 文章url,文章内容xpath表达式def get_content( url = "http://www.zhongkerd.com/news/content-1389.html" , xpath_rule = "//html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/dl/dd" ): html = requests.get(url,headers = headers).content tree = etree.HTML(html) res = tree .xpath(xpath_rule)[0] res_content = etree.tostring(res) #转为字符串 res_content = html_parser.unescape(res_content) #转为html编码 输出 res_content = res_content.replace('\t','').replace('\n','') #去除空格 .replace(' ',''),换行符,制表符 return res_content#获取结果,url列表def get_article_list(url = "http://www.zhongkerd.com/news.html" ): body_html = requests.get(url,headers = headers).content #print body_html soup = BeautifulSoup(body_html,'lxml') page_div = soup.find_all(name = "a",href = re.compile("content"),class_="w-bloglist-entry-link") #print page_div list_url = [] for a in page_div: #print a #print a.get('href') #print a.string list_url.append((a.get('href'),a.string)) #print get_content(a.get('href')) else: #print list_url return list_url#处理采集页面def res_content(url): content = get_content(url) #print content info = re.findall(r'<dd>(.*?)</dd>',content,re.S)[0] #去掉dd标签 re_zhushi = re.compile(r'<!--[^>]*-->') #HTML注释 re_href = re.compile(r'<\s*a[^>]*>[^<](.*?)*<\s*/\s*a\s*>') #去出超链接,替换 re_js = re.compile(r'<\s*script[^>]*>[^<](.*?)*<\s*/\s*script\s*>') #去出 javascript re_copyright = re.compile(r'<p\s*align=\"left\">(.*?)</p>') #去出 版权信息 #r'<p\s*align=\"left\">' 注意处理换行要 info = re_zhushi.sub('',info,re.S) info = re_href.sub(domain,info,re.S) #print content #exit() info = re_copyright.sub(u"",info,re.S) info = info.replace(u'\xa0', u' ') #防止gbk转btf输出错误 #print info return info#处理结果def caiji_result(): article_list = get_article_list() #print article_list #判断是否数据库中是否有,是否写入数据库 for article in article_list: #print res_check(article) #判断是否需要写入 if not res_check(article): #print "no" #u"不存在需要写入" res_insert(article) #写入后需要发布文章 body = res_content(article[0]) send_article(title = article[1],body = body) else: #print "yes" #u"已经存在不需要写入" pass#爬虫调用函数def start(): caiji_result() |
__init__.py用于发布模块时用.
写完了、是不是发现和scrapy基础功能有点像呢...
作者：网痴
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