LINUX教程：PXE+Kickstart无人值守安装CentOS 7

vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
ddns-update-style none;
default-lease-time 259200;
max-lease-time 518400;    
option routers 172.16.10.10;
option domain-name-servers 172.16.10.10;
subnet 172.16.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
        range 172.16.10.11 172.16.10.100;
        option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
        next-server 172.16.10.10;            # 便是TFTP的位置
        filename "pxelinux.0";               # 告知得从TFTP根目录下载的boot loader文件名
}

systemctl start dhcpd

[root@linuxidc ~]# cat /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
default vesamenu.c32   # 这是必须项,或者使用menu.c32
timeout 600            # 超时等待时间,60秒内不操作将自动选择默认的菜单来加载
display boot.msg       # 这是为选项提供一些说明的文件
# Clear the screen when exiting the menu, instead of leaving the menu displayed.
# For vesamenu, this means the graphical background is still displayed without
# the menu itself for as long as the screen remains in graphics mode.
menu clear
menu background splash.png   # 背景图片
menu title CentOS 7          # 大标题
menu vshift 8
menu rows 18
menu margin 8
#menu hidden
menu helpmsgrow 15
menu tabmsgrow 13
# Border Area
menu color border * #00000000 #00000000 none
# Selected item
menu color sel 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
# Title bar
menu color title 0 #ff7ba3d0 #00000000 none
# Press [Tab] message
menu color tabmsg 0 #ff3a6496 #00000000 none
# Unselected menu item
menu color unsel 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none
# Selected hotkey
menu color hotsel 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none
# Unselected hotkey
menu color hotkey 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
# Help text
menu color help 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
# A scrollbar of some type? Not sure.
menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #ff355594 none
# Timeout msg
menu color timeout 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
menu color timeout_msg 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
# Command prompt text
menu color cmdmark 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none
menu color cmdline 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
# Do not display the actual menu unless the user presses a key. All that is displayed is a timeout message.
menu tabmsg Press Tab for full configuration options on menu items.
menu separator # insert an empty line
menu separator # insert an empty line
label linux
  menu label ^Install CentOS 7   # 菜单文字
  kernel vmlinuz        # 内核文件路径,注意相对路径是从tftp的根路径/tftpboot开始的,所以要改为"./CentOS7.2/vmlinuz"
  append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CentOS\x207\x20x86_64 quiet  
                        # 内核启动选项,其中包括initrd的路径,同样要改为"./CentOS7.2/initrd.img"
                        # stage2文件的搜索路径,搜索的文件一般是".treeinfo",找不到该文件则找LiveOS/squashfs.img
                        # 一般pxe环境下此路径直接指向系统安装文件的路径,具体做法见下文示例
label check
  menu label Test this ^media & install CentOS 7
  menu default          # menu default表示开机时光标一开始默认停留在此label上
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CentOS\x207\x20x86_64 rd.live.check quiet
menu separator # insert an empty line
# utilities submenu          # 子菜单项的设置办法
menu begin ^Troubleshooting
  menu title Troubleshooting
label vesa
  menu indent count 5
  menu label Install CentOS 7 in ^basic graphics mode
  text help
        Try this option out if you're having trouble installing
        CentOS 7.
  endtext
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CentOS\x207\x20x86_64 xdriver=vesa nomodeset quiet
label rescue
  menu indent count 5
  menu label ^Rescue a CentOS system
  text help
        If the system will not boot, this lets you access files
        and edit config files to try to get it booting again.
  endtext
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CentOS\x207\x20x86_64 rescue quiet
label memtest
  menu label Run a ^memory test
  text help
        If your system is having issues, a problem with your
        system's memory may be the cause. Use this utility to
        see if the memory is working correctly.
  endtext
  kernel memtest
menu separator # insert an empty line
label local
  menu label Boot from ^local drive
  localboot 0xffff
menu separator # insert an empty line
menu separator # insert an empty line
label returntomain
  menu label Return to ^main menu
  menu exit
menu end

default vesamenu.c32  
timeout 600           
display boot.msg      
menu clear
menu background splash.png
menu title CentOS 7 menu
menu vshift 8
menu rows 18
menu margin 8
#menu hidden
menu helpmsgrow 15
menu tabmsgrow 13
menu color border * #00000000 #00000000 none
menu color sel 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
menu color title 0 #ff7ba3d0 #00000000 none
menu color tabmsg 0 #ff3a6496 #00000000 none
menu color unsel 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none
menu color hotsel 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none
menu color hotkey 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
menu color help 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #ff355594 none
menu color timeout 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
menu color timeout_msg 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
menu color cmdmark 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none
menu color cmdline 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
label linux
  menu label ^Install CentOS 7.2 through pxe
  menu default
  kernel "./CentOS7.2/vmlinuz"
  append initrd="./CentOS7.2/initrd.img" inst.stage2=ftp://172.16.10.10 quiet net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0

yum -y install vsftpd
cp -a /test/* /var/ftp/
systemctl start vsftpd

[root@linuxidc ~]# cat anaconda-ks.cfg
#version=DEVEL
# System authorization information
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Use network installation
url --url="ftp://172.16.10.10"
#url --url="http://192.168.100.53/cblr/links/CentOS7.2-x86_64"
#nfs --server=172.16.10.10 --dir=/install
# Use text mode install
text
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
firstboot --disable
ignoredisk --only-use=sda
# Keyboard layouts
# old format: keyboard us
# new format:
keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'
# System language
lang en_US.UTF-8
# Network information
network  --onboot=yes --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --noipv6
network  --hostname=node1.linuxidc.com
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $6$KIPkwGVYqtjHln80$quxmkE5MKKA2LyzLOAc/s3FWH/jX76sObq6hqwOsEBoeMc/wIrzGG4xm72lkXwLeOfRLS/sl5vdajY9j34D4J. 
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --append="quiet crashkernel=auto" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
part /boot --asprimary --fstype="xfs" --size=250
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=2000
part / --asprimary --fstype="xfs" --grow --size=5000
# 如果是要LVM分区,则考虑以下分区
# part /boot --fstype ext4 --size=100
# part swap --fstype=swap --size=2048
# part pv26 --size=100 --grow
# volgroup VG00 --pesize=32768 pv26
# logvol / --fstype ext4 --name=LVroot --vgname=VG00 --size=29984
# logvol /data --fstype ext4 --name=LVdata --vgname=VG00 --size=100 --grow
%post
rm -f /etc/yum.repos.d/*
cat >>/etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo<<eof
[base]
name=sohu
baseurl=http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/
gpgcheck=0
enable=1
[epel]
name=epel
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7Server/x86_64/
enable=1
gpgcheck=0
eof
sed -i "s/rhgb //" /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
sed -i "s/ONBOOT.*$/ONBOOT=yes/" /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
sed -i "/UUID/d" /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
echo "DNS1=114.114.114.114" >> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
echo "UseDNS no" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i "s/^SELINUX=.*$/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/sysconfig/selinux
systemctl disable firewalld
%end
%packages
@base
@core
@development
@platform-devel
kexec-tools
lftp
tree
lrzsz
%end
%addon com_RedHat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'
%end

vim /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
label linux
  menu label ^Install CentOS 7.2 through pxe
  menu default
  kernel "./CentOS7.2/vmlinuz"
  append initrd="./CentOS7.2/initrd.img" inst.stage2=ftp://172.16.10.10 ks=ftp://172.16.10.10/pub/ks.cfg quiet net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0

# 如果使用nfs提供安装文件和kickstart文件,则ks参数必需使用nfs4协议,即使使用了nfs4,仍然无法实现无人值守,这是bug
  append initrd="./CentOS7.2/initrd.img" inst.stage2=nfs:172.16.10.10:/install ks=nfs4:172.16.10.10:/install/ks.cfg quiet net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0